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--- ace_medical_advanced [2016/01/18 18:10] – feanix
+++ ace_medical_advanced [2016/03/24 15:52] (current) – removed snippers
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-The Advanced Medical System (AMS) is largely similar to the [[[ACE Medical Basic|Basic Medical System (BMS)]]  but adds more depth and complexity, especially medics.
-===== Wound Types =====
-The AMS categorises wounds by specific type instead of simply as Minor or Major, as the BMS does. **As you can see, only Avulsions and Velocity Wounds are imminently life threatening.**
-^ Type           ^ Description                ^ Pain           ^ Bleeding
-| Avulsion       | Tissue ripped away         | Extreme        | Extreme
-| Velocity       | Bullet / shrapnel wounds   | Extreme        | Medium
-| Laceration     | Tears                      | Light          | Light to Medium
-| Cuts           | Cuts                       | Light          | Depends on size
-| Crush          | Crush injury               | Light          | Extremely light
-| Puncture       | Knives, nails, glass       | Light          | Slow
-| Contusion      | Bruise                     | Light          | None
-| Abrasion       | Scrapes                    | Extremely Light| Extremely light
-===== Diagnosis =====
-==== Responsive ====
-//Accessed from: Head//\\
-Tells you if the patient is responsive.
-==== Check Blood Pressure ====
-//Accessed from: Head, Arms//\\
-Tells you the blood pressure of the patient.
-==== Check pulse ====
-//Accessed from: Head, Arms//\\
-Tells you the pulse of the patient.
-===== Treatment =====
-==== Step by Step Treatment ====
-**Keeping the patient's vitals stable is your first priority.**
-Step 1: Is the patient responsive?
-  * Yes: Ask him if he has wounds / he is in pain and act accordingly.
-  * No: Go to step 2.
-Step 2: Is the patient wounded?
-  * Yes: Treat the wounds.
-  * No: Skip this step.
-Step 3: Does the patient have a pulse?
-  * Yes: Go to step 4.
-  * No: If you are alone provide CPR, if you have someone else get him to do CPR while you treat the patient's wounds. Skip to step 4 or 5 depending on the situation.
-Step 4: Did the patient lose a lot of blood?
-  * Yes: Use IVs to restore the volume of liquid in the blood stream of the patient.
-  * No: Skip this step.
-Step 5: Is the patient in pain?
-  * Yes and stable pulse: Give him morphine.
-  * Yes and unstable heart rate: Stabilize the heart rate before administrating morphine.
-  * No: You're done.
-Step 6: is the patient awake now?
-  * Yes: You're done.
-  * No: Stabilize his pulse / make sure he isn't in pain or missing blood.
-==== Bandage ====
-//Accessed from: Arms, Legs//\\
-Every part of the body can be bandaged if wounded. As in the BMS, head wounds are generally the most serious wounds when bleeding, then torsos and finally limbs. **When bandaging choose them bandage best suited to the wound type. If in doubt, use a packing bandage** (as this is most effective against the two most dangerous wounds).
-=== Bandage Effectiveness Cheat Sheet ===
-^ Bandage Type   ^ Abrasion    ^ Avulsion  ^ Contusion  ^ Crush    ^ Cut     ^ Laceration  ^ Velocity  ^ Puncture
-| Basic          | Highest     | Low       | Highest    | Medium   | Low     | High        | Low       | Medium
-| Packing        | Highest     | Highest   | Highest    | Medium   | Lowest  | Low         | Highest   | Low
-| Elastic        | Highest     | Low       | Highest    | Highest  | Highest | Highest     | Medium    | Highest
-| QuikClot       | High        | Lowest    | High       | High     | High    | High        | High      | Medium
-==== Tourniquet ====
-//Accessed from: Arms, Legs//\\
-**Tourniquets can be applied to arms and legs to slow bleeding from them when wounded**. Only use this as a stop gap while you bandage and remove as soon as possible. Prolonged used of a tourniquet will cause pain to the patient.
-==== Autoinjectors ====
-Autoinjectors are **used to manage pain and heart rate**.
-=== Morphine ===
-//Accessed from: Arms, Legs//\\
-  * Suppresses pain.\\
-  * Lowers blood pressure\\
-  * Lowers heart rate\\
-=== Epinephrine ===
-//Accessed from: Arms, Legs//\\
-  * Raise heart rate\\
-=== Atropine ===
-//Accessed from: Arms, Legs//\\
-  * Lower heart rate\\
-==== IVs ====
-IVs are **used to increase blood pressure**.\\
-//Accessed from: Arms, Legs//\\
-All IVs increase blood pressure.
-==== Kits ====
-=== Personal Aid Kit (PAK) ===
-  * **Fully heals soldier** (resets medical history)
-  * May be limited to certain classes / proximity to vehicle or facility (depends on settings)
-  * May require stable vitals (depends on settings)
-=== Surgical Kit ===
-  * Only used if Opening Wounds is enabled
-  * **Stitches a wound closed**
-  * May be limited to certain classes / proximity to vehicle or facility (depends on settings)
-  * May require stable vitals (depends on settings)
-==== Maintaining Vitals ====
-Ultimately if your patient dies it will because their blood pressure was too high or too low. Everything you do to treat them will ultimately be in service of //maintaining their vitals//. Failing to do so will result in Cardiac Arrest. **Understanding how how blood pressure and heart rate affect their health of your patient to prevent Cardiac Arrest will make you a much more effective medic.**
-=== Causes of Cardiac Arrest ===
-When checking blood pressure, systolic blood pressure is the number on the left and the diastolic blood pressure is the number on the right.\\
-HR = Heart Rate. SBP = Systolic Blood Pressure. CA = Cardiac Arrest\\
-If diastolic blood pressure is below 40 and the heart rate is above 190 Cardiac Arrest will also result.
-|                | SBP Normal  | SBP > 145  | SBP > 260
-| HR < 20        | CA          | CA         | CA
-| HR Normal      | --          | --         | CA
-| HR > 150       | --          | CA         | CA
-| HR > 200       | CA          | CA         | CA
-=== Blood Pressure ===
-Lowered by:
-  * Blood loss
-Raised by:
-  * Blood / Plasma / Saline
-Categories:
-  * **Non existent:** 0 - 20 Systolic
-  * **Low:** 20 - 100 Systolic
-  * **Normal:** 100 - 160 Systolic
-  * **High:** 160+ Systolic
-=== Heart Rate ===
-Lowered by:
-  * Morphine
-  * Atropine
-Raised by:
-  * Epinephrine
-Categories:
-  * **Low:** 45-
-  * **Normal:** 46 - 119
-  * **High:** 120+
-===== Dangers =====
-  * Epinephrine should NEVER be used in case of cardiac arrest as it might make the patient harder to treat or kill them.
-  * Giving too much morphine to a patient (more than one every 10 minutes) will put him in cardiac arrest due to low blood pressure
-===== Acknowledgement =====
-This document is largely a reformated verion of the [[http://ace3mod.com/wiki/feature/medical-system.html#2-2-4-additional-informations|official ACE documentation]] and a work in progress document authored by:
-  * Riley
-  * KmO
-  * zebraminge
-  * Dick Nixon
-Many thanks for laying the ground work for this document.